Paralegal

pcc.edu/programs/paralegal/

Career and Program Description

The paralegal program offers three program choices: (1) a non-ABA approved less-than-one-year career pathway certificate (the “Legal Assistant Certificate”); (2) an ABA approved Associate of Applied Science degree in paralegal (the “Paralegal AAS degree”); and (3) an ABA approved one-year certificate in Paralegal for those with qualifying prior degrees (the “Paralegal Certificate”).

General Differences between Paralegals and Legal Assistants

A paralegal is a legal professional assisting attorneys completing legal work. Paralegals conduct substantive legal work on behalf of attorneys in law firms, government, public institutions, and private businesses. Under the direction of an attorney, paralegals complete various tasks, including, but not limited to, interviewing clients and witnesses, keeping detailed records and managing files, drafting documents, completing factual research, reading and applying prior court decisions, and managing information and technology. 

A legal assistant, on the other hand, is a legal professional who provides administrative support to legal practice groups. Such tasks and responsibilities may include, but are not limited to, routing phone calls and taking messages, communicating logistics to clients, opposing counsel, and the courts, formatting and sending letters and emails, filing documents, managing firm filing and information tracking, calendaring deadlines, and assisting the legal team with other administrative tasks.  

General Information Applicable to Both Paralegals and Legal Assistants

Legal Professionals, including paralegals and legal assistants, are not attorneys, are not licensed to practice law, and perform all tasks under the supervision of an attorney. Paralegals and legal assistants may not practice law or provide legal services directly to the public except as permitted by law.  Paralegals and legal assistants are not licensed or certified by the government in Oregon, and may be employed in a wide variety of job titles.

Requirements in both the Paralegal and Legal Assistant Programs

Proficiency in computer applications is essential for all legal professionals. Before beginning the program, students should be familiar with basic computer and keyboarding skills. Specific legal computer programs are practiced in the legal software and research courses. Students are encouraged to ensure that they can keyboard by touch, and have verifiable skills in Microsoft Office programs by the time they complete the program. 

Differences between the Paralegal and Legal Assistant Programs at PCC

The Paralegal degrees and certificates are approved by the American Bar Association (“ABA”), and support student success by delivering quality education focused on practical skills necessary for a career as a legal professional in a rigorous, inclusive and supportive environment. The class schedule for Paralegal students intends to meet the needs of working adults or those who need evening courses for another reason.  Most classes are synchronous remote (meaning that students and faculty meet virtually and simultaneously via videoconferencing during scheduled meeting times) and offered in the evening on a once-per-week schedule from 6:30 pm – 9:20 pm. Some courses are fully online and can be completed on the student's timeline. In any event, the ABA requires a student enrolled in either the Paralegal AAS degree program or Paralegal Certificate program complete at least 14 quarter credit hours through synchronous instruction - either in-person or remote (note that most of PCC’s Paralegal classes are remote).  

Unlike the Paralegal AAS degree and the Paralegal Certificate, the Legal Assistant Certificate is not approved by the ABA because: (1) the ABA does not approve any short-term certificates which can be completed in less than a year; and (2) the Legal Assistant Certificate does not prepare students to work as Paralegals.  Any questions about ABA approvals should be posed to the Paralegal Program Director.

The Legal Assistant Certificate delivers the same quality instruction, the same flexible schedules, and the same rigorous, inclusive and supportive environment. Students pursuing the Legal Assistant Certificate will gain skills through practical education in the elements of legal assistant work. 

The Legal Assistant Certificate, and the ABA approved Paralegal AAS degree and the  ABA approved Paralegal Certificate programs are limited-entry programs so students must satisfy certain criteria and receive approval for entry through an application process. Application information may be obtained at https://www.pcc.edu/programs/paralegal/.

Other Information Regarding the Transferability of the Paralegal AAS Degree

Students who complete the Paralegal AAS degree may be eligible to transfer into a four-year degree program.  Students wishing to complete a bachelor’s degree after completing the Paralegal AAS degree should check with the specific four-year college or university for transferability.

Degrees and Certificates Offered

Associate of Applied Science Degree

Paralegal

One-Year Certificate

Paralegal

Less than One-Year Certificate: Career Pathway

 Legal Assistant

Admission Prerequisites

Academic Prerequisites

  • High school completion or GED.
  • Completion of reading, writing and math placement tests unless waived based upon equivalent course work or college degree
  • College level course work from an accredited college may be substituted for required degree and/or certificate course work.
  • The Paralegal AAS Degree and the Paralegal Certificate are limited entry programs requiring department chair approval. For more details see the Paralegal Department webpage. Completing admission requirements does not guarantee admission into the program.

Other Prerequisites

  • Program advising is required. Students planning to enroll in the program should contact the department for specific eligibility requirements and advising.  For more details see the Paralegal Department webpage.

Program Requirements

Academic Requirements

  • A letter grade of "C" or better for all PL core courses is required. An overall GPA of at least 2.0 for all PL courses is required to graduate.  PL 280A is offered as Pass/No pass only.

Other Requirements

Non-Academic Prerequisites

  • Program advising is required. Students planning to enroll in the program should contact the department for specific eligibility requirements and advising.  For more details see the Paralegal Department webpage.

Non-Academic Requirements

Paralegal AAS Degree

Minimum 90 credits. Students must also meet Associate Degree Comprehensive Requirements and Associate of Applied Science Requirements. In addition to required courses in the program of study, students must satisfy MTH 58/65 competency. Students should consult with program advisors in the department for course planning.

Paralegal Degree Courses

CIS 120Digital Literacy 4
or CIS 125D Database Application Development I
PL 101Introduction to the U.S. Legal System3
PL 102Survey of Substantive Law3
PL 103Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility3
PL 105Litigation3
PL 107Interviewing and Investigating3
PL 108Legal Analysis & Writing3
PL 130Legal Software3
PL 203Basic Legal Research3
PL 204Applied Legal Research and Drafting2
PL 250Cultural Responsiveness in the Legal Field2
PL 295Paralegal Capstone2
WR 227Technical Writing (WR227=WR227Z) Z4
or WR 122 Composition II (WR122=WR122Z)
or BA 205 Business Communication Using Technology
Any General Education Course in COMM4
Any General Education Course in PS4
Any General Education Course in BI, CH, ESR, G, GS, MTH or PHY4
ABA General Education Electives15
Paralegal Accounting Electives3
Paralegal Program Electives14
Paralegal Support Electives8
Total Credits90
Z

This course is part of Oregon Common Course Numbering. The following courses are equivalent:

WR 122 and WR 122Z

WR 227 and WR 227Z

ABA General Education Electives

Take 15 credits from the General Education list in any of the following disciplines:

  • Arts & Letters: ASL, CHLA, COMM, ENG, FR, GER, HUM, J, JPN, NAS, PHL, R, RUS, SJ, SPA, WR, WS
  • Science, Math, Computer Science: BI, CH, ESR, G, GS, MTH, PHY
  • Social Science: ATH, EC, ES, GEO, HE, HST, IDS, INTL, PS, PSY, SOC

Other courses may be approved by the program on a case-by-case basis if they meet the ABA requirements. Examples of other courses that may be approved include, but are not limited to, courses in art history, music history, music theory, and first-year world languages. Examples of other courses that will generally not be approved include, but are not limited to, courses in studio art, music performance, theater, computer science, and English as a second language. All students must still meet the General Education requirements for the AAS degree.

Paralegal Accounting Electives

BA 111Introduction to Accounting3
BA 177Payroll Accounting3
BA 211Principles of Financial Accounting4
BA 212Principles of Accounting II3
BA 213Managerial Accounting4

Paralegal Program Electives

BA 256Income Tax3
CJA 114Introduction to Juvenile Process3
CJA 210Arrest, Search and Seizure3
CJA 212Criminal Law3
CJA 213Evidence3
CJA 214Criminal Investigation3
CJA 220Mental Health & the Law3
MP 140Introduction to Health Law and Ethics3
PL 100Professions in the Law3
PL 104Investigation Techniques for Paralegals3
PL 105Litigation3
PL 109Estate Planning3
PL 111Probate Practice3
PL 113Income Tax Law3
PL 116Real Property Law I3
PL 124Law Office Systems and Procedures3
PL 140Immigration Law for Paralegals3
PL 206Intellectual Property Law3
PL 207Advanced Legal Research3
PL 208Family Law3
PL 210Legal Protection for Vulnerable People3
PL 216Employment Law3
PL 219Contract and Consumer Law3
PL 220Worker's Compensation3
PL 221Bankruptcy Law3
PL 222Corporate Law Practice3
PL 224Torts and Personal Injury3
PL 226Criminal Law for Paralegal3
PL 230Litigation II - E-Discovery3
PL 235Litigation III3
PL 240Environmental Law3
PL 260Administrative Law for Paralegals3
PL 270Landlord Tenant Law3
PL 275Paralegal Career Development1
PL 280ACooperative Education: Paralegal3
PL 281AParalegal Community Law Clinic3
PL 281BParalegal Community Law Clinic II3

Paralegal Support Electives 

BA 116Microsoft Word for Workplace Communications4
BA 131Introduction to Business Technology4
BA 216AData Analytics with Excel and Tableau4
BA 285Human Relations-Organizations3
CG 100College Survival and Success3
CG 112Managing Test Anxiety1
CG 191Exploring Identity and Diversity for College Success4
CG 209Job Finding Skills1-2
CIS 120Digital Literacy 4
CIS 125DDatabase Application Development I4
COMM 140Introduction to Intercultural Communication4
MP 111Medical Terminology4
MSD 105Workplace Communication Skills3
MSD 107Organizations & People3
MSD 194Effective Presentation Skills Using PowerPoint2
MSD 279Project Management - Intro4
SJ 210Social Justice: Theory & Practice4
WR 121Composition I (WR121=WR121Z) Z4
Z

This course is part of Oregon Common Course Numbering. WR 121 and WR 121Z are equivalent. 

One-Year Certificate

Paralegal

Less than One-Year Certificate: Career Pathway

Legal Assistant 

Paralegal Certificate One-Year Certificate

Minimum 59 credits. Students must meet all certificate requirements.

Paralegal Certificate Courses

CIS 120Digital Literacy §4
or CIS 125D Database Application Development I
PL 101Introduction to the U.S. Legal System §3
PL 102Survey of Substantive Law3
PL 103Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility3
PL 105Litigation3
PL 107Interviewing and Investigating3
PL 108Legal Analysis & Writing §3
PL 130Legal Software3
PL 203Basic Legal Research §3
PL 204Applied Legal Research and Drafting §2
PL 250Cultural Responsiveness in the Legal Field2
PL 295Paralegal Capstone2
WR 227Technical Writing (WR227=WR227Z) (or equivalent) Z4
or WR 122 Composition II (WR122=WR122Z)
or BA 205 Business Communication Using Technology
Paralegal Accounting Electives3
Paralegal Program Electives9
Paralegal Support Electives9
Total Credits59
§

Course contains Related Instruction and cannot be substituted with another course; Related Instruction details can be viewed here.

Z

This course is part of Oregon Common Course Numbering. The following courses are equivalent:

WR 122 and WR 122Z

WR 227 and WR 227Z 

 

Paralegal Accounting Electives

BA 111Introduction to Accounting3
BA 177Payroll Accounting3
BA 211Principles of Financial Accounting4
BA 212Principles of Accounting II3
BA 213Managerial Accounting4

Paralegal Program Electives

BA 256Income Tax3
CJA 114Introduction to Juvenile Process3
CJA 210Arrest, Search and Seizure3
CJA 212Criminal Law3
CJA 213Evidence3
CJA 214Criminal Investigation3
CJA 220Mental Health & the Law3
MP 140Introduction to Health Law and Ethics3
PL 100Professions in the Law3
PL 104Investigation Techniques for Paralegals3
PL 105Litigation3
PL 109Estate Planning3
PL 111Probate Practice3
PL 113Income Tax Law3
PL 116Real Property Law I3
PL 124Law Office Systems and Procedures3
PL 140Immigration Law for Paralegals3
PL 206Intellectual Property Law3
PL 207Advanced Legal Research3
PL 208Family Law3
PL 210Legal Protection for Vulnerable People3
PL 216Employment Law3
PL 219Contract and Consumer Law3
PL 220Worker's Compensation3
PL 221Bankruptcy Law3
PL 222Corporate Law Practice3
PL 224Torts and Personal Injury3
PL 226Criminal Law for Paralegal3
PL 230Litigation II - E-Discovery3
PL 235Litigation III3
PL 240Environmental Law3
PL 260Administrative Law for Paralegals3
PL 270Landlord Tenant Law3
PL 275Paralegal Career Development1
PL 280ACooperative Education: Paralegal3
PL 281AParalegal Community Law Clinic3
PL 281BParalegal Community Law Clinic II3

Paralegal Support Electives

BA 116Microsoft Word for Workplace Communications4
BA 131Introduction to Business Technology4
BA 216AData Analytics with Excel and Tableau4
BA 285Human Relations-Organizations3
CG 100College Survival and Success3
CG 112Managing Test Anxiety1
CG 191Exploring Identity and Diversity for College Success4
CG 209Job Finding Skills1-2
CIS 120Digital Literacy 4
CIS 125DDatabase Application Development I4
COMM 140Introduction to Intercultural Communication4
MP 111Medical Terminology4
MSD 105Workplace Communication Skills3
MSD 107Organizations & People3
MSD 194Effective Presentation Skills Using PowerPoint2
MSD 279Project Management - Intro4
SJ 210Social Justice: Theory & Practice4
WR 121Composition I (WR121=WR121Z) Z4
Z

This course is part of Oregon Common Course Numbering. WR 121 and WR 121Z are equivalent. 

Legal Assistant Career Pathway Certificate

Minimum 35 credits. Students must meet all certificate requirements.

Legal Assistant Certificate Courses

BA 116Microsoft Word for Workplace Communications4
BA 216AData Analytics with Excel and Tableau4
CIS 120Digital Literacy 4
or CIS 125D Database Application Development I
PL 101Introduction to the U.S. Legal System3
PL 130Legal Software3
PL 203Basic Legal Research3
WR 121Composition I (WR121=WR121Z) Z4
Paralegal Accounting Electives4
Paralegal Program Electives6
Total Credits35
Z

This course is part of Oregon Common Course Numbering. WR 121 and WR 121Z are equivalent.

Paralegal Accounting Electives

BA 111Introduction to Accounting3
BA 177Payroll Accounting3
BA 211Principles of Financial Accounting4
BA 212Principles of Accounting II3
BA 213Managerial Accounting4

 Paralegal Program Electives

BA 256Income Tax3
CJA 114Introduction to Juvenile Process3
CJA 210Arrest, Search and Seizure3
CJA 212Criminal Law3
CJA 213Evidence3
CJA 214Criminal Investigation3
CJA 220Mental Health & the Law3
MP 140Introduction to Health Law and Ethics3
PL 100Professions in the Law3
PL 104Investigation Techniques for Paralegals3
PL 105Litigation3
PL 109Estate Planning3
PL 111Probate Practice3
PL 113Income Tax Law3
PL 116Real Property Law I3
PL 124Law Office Systems and Procedures3
PL 140Immigration Law for Paralegals3
PL 206Intellectual Property Law3
PL 207Advanced Legal Research3
PL 208Family Law3
PL 210Legal Protection for Vulnerable People3
PL 216Employment Law3
PL 219Contract and Consumer Law3
PL 220Worker's Compensation3
PL 221Bankruptcy Law3
PL 222Corporate Law Practice3
PL 224Torts and Personal Injury3
PL 226Criminal Law for Paralegal3
PL 230Litigation II - E-Discovery3
PL 235Litigation III3
PL 240Environmental Law3
PL 260Administrative Law for Paralegals3
PL 270Landlord Tenant Law3
PL 275Paralegal Career Development1
PL 280ACooperative Education: Paralegal3
PL 281AParalegal Community Law Clinic3
PL 281BParalegal Community Law Clinic II3

PL 100. Professions in the Law. 3 Credits.

Introduces various careers in the legal profession. Covers the roles of attorneys, paralegals, legal assistants, and other members of the legal team and the relationships among them. Prerequisites: (WR 115 and RD 115) or IRW 115 and MTH 20 or equivalent placement. Audit available.

PL 101. Introduction to the U.S. Legal System. 3 Credits.

Provides an overview of the United States legal system including the law of state and federal governments and the relationships between and among them. Covers sources and functions of law in the United States with an emphasis on the U.S. Constitution, the structure of U.S. courts, and judicial decision-making. Recommended: prior completion of or concurrent enrollment in PS 201 or a similar course in U.S. government or political science. Prerequisite: WR 121Z. Audit available.

PL 102. Survey of Substantive Law. 3 Credits.

Surveys several areas of U.S. law including the primary governing rules, the methods for resolving disputes, and elements of day-to-day practice in each area. Includes some combination of contract and commercial law, torts, property, and public law. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 103. Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility. 3 Credits.

Covers ethics and professional responsibility for legal professionals. Focuses on the meaning and application of the Oregon Rules of Professional Conduct and the Oregon State Bar's Statement of Professionalism. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 104. Investigation Techniques for Paralegals. 3 Credits.

Explores fundamental techniques of legal investigation from the incident scene to the courtroom. Includes ethics, research techniques, investigative strategies, recordkeeping, information sources, witness location, report writing, subpoenas, physical and demonstrative evidence. Prerequisites: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 105. Litigation. 3 Credits.

Covers litigation process with emphasis on civil litigation. Includes a study of tort law principles focusing on the trial process (investigation, discovery and motion practice) emphasizing preparation of documents and pleadings. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 107. Interviewing and Investigating. 3 Credits.

Introduces the legal context for factual investigation and develops skills in investigation planning, fact gathering and analysis, and communicating facts found. Emphasizes client and witness interviewing techniques. Includes simulated interviews. Prerequisite: WR 121Z. Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 108. Legal Analysis & Writing. 3 Credits.

Covers analytical writing skills in the preparation for the ability to write objective legal memoranda and legal correspondence. Prerequisites: PL 101.

PL 109. Estate Planning. 3 Credits.

Covers approaches to estate planning, including wills, trusts, shared ownership, gifts and life insurance. Includes objectives for estate planning, probate and the estate, and structures and results of different estate plans. Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 111. Probate Practice. 3 Credits.

Covers preparation and filing of necessary papers used to administer an estate under Oregon state law. Audit available.

PL 113. Income Tax Law. 3 Credits.

Focuses on three key aspects of income taxation (principally federal income taxation). Includes basic concepts of income taxation, and understand the interaction of various components involved in the determination of the income tax. Covers the audit process, including how a taxpayer may appeal an audit decision and how an appeal may reach various courts. Learn how research differs from other legal research and will understand the implications of various types of authorities regarding tax law and procedure. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 116. Real Property Law I. 3 Credits.

Covers introductory principles and procedures in real and personal property law including possessory interests, estates, deeds, contracts, servitudes, leases, title issues and real estate transactions. Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 124. Law Office Systems and Procedures. 3 Credits.

Covers law office organization. Includes procedures to satisfy legal ethics obligations and manage malpractice risk, case management, docket control, calendaring, document management, marketing, and personnel. Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 130. Legal Software. 3 Credits.

Provides training in a variety of specialized legal software applications including those used for drafting, practice management, timekeeping, litigation support, and trial preparation. Prerequisite: PL 101 and (CAS 133 or CAS 140 or CIS 120 or CIS 125D). Audit available.

PL 140. Immigration Law for Paralegals. 3 Credits.

Provides an overview of United States immigration laws. Includes review and study of many critical immigration law doctrines, including nationality and citizenship, inadmissibility and deportability grounds, the worldwide immigrant selection system, basic administrative law concepts, asylum and refugee law, and defenses to deportation. Includes analyzing fact situations, reviewing caselaw, drafting documents and applying remedies, principles and doctrines. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 201. Legal Research and Library Use. 3 Credits.

Covers functions of the law library and the development of research skills through the use of digests, encyclopedias, reporter systems, statutes, secondary sources, and practice manuals. Prerequisites: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 202. Computer Research in Law. 3 Credits.

Covers how and when to use computers for legal research. Explores operational content differences between Fast Case and Lexis. Includes retrieving specific documents, checking citations, and practice research. Prerequisite: PL 201. Audit available.

PL 203. Basic Legal Research. 3 Credits.

Explores jurisdictional concepts essential to legal research. Introduces print and electronic legal research methods and processes. Covers citation of legal authority. Prerequisite: PL 101.

PL 204. Applied Legal Research and Drafting. 2 Credits.

Covers legal research skills and the drafting of legal pleadings, documents, and memoranda common to the practice of law. Prerequisite: (WR 122Z, WR 227Z or BA 205) and PL 202 or (PL 108 and PL 203). Audit available.

PL 206. Intellectual Property Law. 3 Credits.

Introduces the basic terms, concepts, laws, and administrative rules necessary to interpret and accomplish tasks typically assigned to paralegals by attorneys in intellectual property (IP) law practices. Emphasizes patent and trademark prosecution (filing documents with the United States Patent and Trademark Office), copyrights, and to a lesser extent, unique facets of IP litigation. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 207. Advanced Legal Research. 3 Credits.

Provides an opportunity to practice skills learned in Basic Legal Research, and develop knowledge and skills in using additional research resources. Includes evaluating more complex research scenarios. Prerequisites: PL 203.

PL 208. Family Law. 3 Credits.

Covers theory, procedure, and practical aspects of a domestic relations practice. Includes dissolution of marriage, issues of custody, visitation, property and debts, adoption, paternity, domestic violence, and prenuptial and co-habitation agreements. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 210. Legal Protection for Vulnerable People. 3 Credits.

Explores and provides strategies for preserving quality of life for vulnerable populations, including elders, people with disabilities, and children. Covers important planning issues such as where to live, financial management, health care, protection, insuring against risk of high costs of care, and planning for serious illness and death. Covers various tools, including abuse protection, long-term care, Medicare and Medicaid, insurance, trusts, social security, guardianships and conservatorships, and other planning issues. Prerequisite: PL 101. Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 109. Audit available.

PL 216. Employment Law. 3 Credits.

Overview of Employment Law claims and remedies under state and federal law, including employment at will doctrine; wrongful discharge claims; discrimination based upon disability, age, gender and other claims; retaliation claims; Equal Pay Act, Family Medical Leave Act; health and safety issues; BOLI process; and other relevant issues. Prerequisites: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 219. Contract and Consumer Law. 3 Credits.

Provides an overview of contract law and selected consumer law claims and defenses. Includes understanding the basics of contract information, contract provisions, contract claims and defenses. Covers selected consumer law issues, including lemon law, warranties and fair debt collection. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 220. Worker's Compensation. 3 Credits.

Covers principles and procedures of the Oregon's worker's compensation system. Introduces the rules and concepts that control the right to compensation within the system as well as the procedural rules. Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 221. Bankruptcy Law. 3 Credits.

Covers Bankruptcy Code, Rules of Procedure, types of bankruptcy relief, exempt and non-exempt property, dischargeability of debts, and bankruptcy forms. Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 222. Corporate Law Practice. 3 Credits.

Covers most significant state corporation law: how to assist in preparation and filing of documents necessary to form a corporation, how to draft resolutions for corporate shareholders and directors' meetings, and how to pay dividends to shareholders or to terminate business and distribute property. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 224. Torts and Personal Injury. 3 Credits.

Provides an overview of tort law and handling personal injury claims, including paralegal's role. Includes study of international torts, negligence and strict liability claims, defenses, vicarious liability, tort claims act, damages, analysis of fact situations, review of case law, draft pleadings, evaluation of damages, discovery issues, and application of principles discussed in class. Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 226. Criminal Law for Paralegal. 3 Credits.

Covers general criminal law and procedure to gain a basic understanding of the criminal justice system as well as the Paralegal's role in the criminal justice system. Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 230. Litigation II - E-Discovery. 3 Credits.

Introduces and covers e-discovery, the Electronic Discovery Reference Model (EDRM), and the software used in law firms for document review. Covers current trends in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including social media and cloud computing discovery issues, and the practical application of these rules. Covers PC and MAC formats. Prerequisites: PL 101, PL 105, and PL 130. Audit available.

PL 235. Litigation III. 3 Credits.

Covers the paralegal's role in large-budget, deeply staffed litigation in which a range of lawyers and paralegals staff a case. Explores how to manage and track documents, assemble and organize documents to assist lawyers preparing for depositions and trial, and manage trial technology. Prerequisites: PL 101, PL 105, and PL 130. Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 230. Audit available.

PL 240. Environmental Law. 3 Credits.

Explores federal, state and regional policies involving environmental issues and cutting edge developments. Includes case law trends, building regulations, energy development, energy efficiency and climate change trends. Explores how the law can be ahead of industry and how industry can be ahead of the law. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 250. Cultural Responsiveness in the Legal Field. 2 Credits.

Introduces the impact of diversity and cultural identity as they relate to the experiences of individuals in the legal professions workplace. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 260. Administrative Law for Paralegals. 3 Credits.

Covers the processes of administrative law as it applies to state and federal agencies. Focuses on specific administrative agencies, as well as career opportunities in the field of administrative law. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 270. Landlord Tenant Law. 3 Credits.

Introduces the fundamental concepts and working terminology of landlord tenant law. Includes the creation of a landlord/tenant relationship, the legal rights of landlords and tenants, unlawful detainer, and other proceedings to enforce rights. Prerequisite: PL 101. Audit available.

PL 275. Paralegal Career Development. 1 Credit.

Covers application process and practices used to obtain employment in the legal field and begin developing a paralegal career or career in an alternative, related legal field. Required: 18 credits earned in Paralegal courses. Prerequisites: PL 101.

PL 280A. Cooperative Education: Paralegal. 1-3 Credit.

Students work at approved job sites to receive as varied and complete a job experience as possible under job conditions. Designed to meet the needs of the individual student and the conditions of the work site. Goals for each student are established by written Learning Objectives between the student and work site, approved by the Instructor or program. Department approval and completion of 18 credits hours in Paralegal Program (unless waived by the Department) are required. Audit available.

PL 281A. Paralegal Community Law Clinic. 3 Credits.

Provides the opportunity to use the practical skills acquired in the paralegal program in a clinical legal setting, while working toward the goal of increasing access to justice. Facilitates participation in hands-on legal activities under the close supervision of a faculty attorney and/or practicing staff attorney(s) in a legal nonprofit. Requirement: successful completion of at least 12 paralegal credits, unless waived by instructor. Prerequisite: Instructor permission. Audit available.

PL 281B. Paralegal Community Law Clinic II. 3 Credits.

Continues the opportunity provided in PL 281A, to practice at a more advanced level the practical skills acquired in the paralegal program in a clinical legal setting, while working toward the goal of increasing access to justice. Facilitates further in-depth participation in hands-on legal activities under the close supervision of a faculty attorney and/or practicing staff attorney(s) in a legal nonprofit. Prerequisite: PL 281A. Audit available.

PL 295. Paralegal Capstone. 2 Credits.

Explores topics related to the completion of the Paralegal degree or certificate. Includes reflecting upon and synthesizing skills and knowledge gained in the Paralegal program, assessing professional readiness, developing a job search strategy, defining future educational goals and strategies, and demonstrating professional competence through assessment. Prerequisites: PL 202 or (PL 108 and PL 203). Prerequisite/concurrent: PL 103 and PL 204. Audit available.